On the behavior and shape of mixture failure rates from a family of IFR Weibull distributions

Populations of many types of component are heterogeneous and often consist of a small number of different subpopulations. This is called a mixture and it arises in a number of situations. For example, a majority of products in industrial populations are mixtures of defective items with shorter lifetimes and standard items with longer lifetimes. It is a well‐known result that distributions with decreasing failure rates are closed under mixture. However, mixtures of distributions with increasing failure rates are not easily classifiable. If the subpopulations involved in the mixture have increasing failure rates, there might be some upward movement in the mixture and later a general downward pull towards the strongest component. Little work has been done in describing the shape of mixture failure rates when all subpopulations do not have decreasing failure rate. In this paper, we present general results that describe the shape and behavior of a failure rate of a mixture obtained from two Weibull subpopulations with strictly increasing failure rates. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

A critical look at the U.S. deceased‐donor organ procurement and utilization system

The U.S. system for procuring and utilizing deceased‐donor organs for transplantation has been studied and written about in many articles. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactions between the elements that comprise this system, and point out improvement opportunities that may be affected through operations research/management techniques. The authors demonstrate the need for developing data‐driven and analytic tools. In fact, data is used to generate hypotheses and support claims throughout the paper. The paper also points out the need to fully leverage data that is available to researchers, and to seek data that is currently not deposited in a centralized archive.     

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim mesoscopic reaction rate model and experiment for shock initiation of melt-cast explosives

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim (DZK) mesoscopic reaction rate model is developed for the shock initiation of melt-cast explosives based on the pore collapse hot-spot ignition mechanism. A series of shock initiation experiments was performed for the Comp B melt-cast explosive to estimate effects of the loading pressure and the particle size of granular explosive component, and the mesoscopic model is validated against the experimental data. Further numerical simulations indicate that the initial density and formula proportion greatly affect the hot-spot ignition of melt-cast explosives.     

Dynamic necking of a near α titanium alloy at high strain rates:Experiments and modelling

The tensile behaviour of near α Ti3Al2.5 V alloy, conceived for applications in aerospace and automotive engineering, is characterized from quasi-static to high strain rates. The material is found to present noticeable strain rate sensitivity. The dynamic true strain rate in the necking cross-section reaches values up to ten times higher than the nominal strain rate. It is also observed that beyond necking the dynamic true stress-strain curves present limited rate dependence. The experimental results at different strain rates are used to determine a suitable constitutive model for finite element simulations of the dynamic tensile tests. The model predicts the experimentally macroscopic force-time response, true stress-strain response and effective strain rate evolution with good agreement.     

脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法

提出了一种脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法,该算法利用脉冲群内相邻脉冲对间的互相关函数估计脉冲群模糊频率,在连续脉冲群间选择任一相同模糊频率进行解模糊得到各脉冲群相对频率,由于这些相对频率包含相同的模糊,从而可以利用差分或滤波算法得到脉冲群间多普勒频率变化率。该算法具有相对频率估计精度高、解模糊过程简单、运算量小、多普勒频率变化率测量精度高等优点。计算机仿真和地面缩比试验均证明了该测量算法的有效性。     

典型包装材料燃烧性能实验研究

使用锥形量热仪对典型包装材料———内衬聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料外包装硬纸板的燃烧性能进行了实验研究,测得了不同热辐射强度下包装材料样品的点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失率、比消光面积(发烟量)、CO的产率等燃烧性能参数。实验结果表明,包装材料受热辐射时很容易被点燃,燃烧时放出大量的热和有毒烟气。     

舰船航渡过程中的松弛时间与航渡策略问题

针对舰船特点和任务要求,提出了舰船航渡中的松弛时间问题。在对问题分析的基础上,给出了松弛时间的定义并对其进行了建模,讨论了航渡失败的判断准则,给出了松弛时间的上下限以及航渡中实际的松弛时间的计算方法,并采用仿真的方法进行了典型航渡过程的松弛时间和成功概率的计算。在大量计算的基础上,初步探讨了航渡成功概率与各类航渡参数之间的关系,并对舰船最优航渡策略问题进行了初步分析,最后对于优化目标、计算初值、结果的表达方式等提出了一个可行的解决方案。     

低功率霍尔推力器阳极供气环工程设计关键参数仿真

为了提高低功率霍尔推力器放电通道内中性原子分布均匀性,采用有限元方法对阳极供气环关键结构参数进行优化研究。针对双腔式阳极供气环结构,重点分析了缓冲腔容积比以及缓冲腔隔板导流小孔数量等关键参数对阳极供气均匀性的影响。研究结果表明:随着缓冲腔容积比的增大,阳极供气环出气孔差异率先快速减小后趋于稳定,其中当容积率k=1.0时,平均差异率和最大差异率分别为1.77%和3.79%;隔板间导流小孔数量从8增加到14时,出气孔差异率呈现浴盆曲线特性,其中导流孔数量为10时,平均差异率和最大差异率分别为1.8%和3.8%。研究结果可为霍尔推力器阳极供气环工程设计提供理论支撑。     

Allocation of two redundancies in two‐component series systems

The allocation of redundancies in a system to optimize the reliability of system performance is an interesting problem in reliability engineering and system security. In this article, we focus on the optimal allocation of two exponentially distributed active (standby) redundancies in a two‐component series system using the tool of stochastic ordering. For the case of active redundancy, stochastic comparisons are carried out in terms of the likelihood ratio and reversed hazard rate orders. For the case of standby redundancy, a likelihood ratio ordering result is developed. The results established here generalize and strengthen corresponding results in the recent literature. In addition, several numerical examples are used to explicate the results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

化学键合胶凝材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

采用浸-烘循环的方法模拟干湿循环交替环境进行新型化学键合胶凝材料抗硫酸盐加速侵蚀试验.侵蚀溶液为质量浓度为5％的硫酸钠溶液,一组试验采用全浸-烘循环,另一组试验采用半浸-烘循环.在经受30×N(N=1,2,3,4,5)次循环后,测定试件的强度耐蚀系数和质量损失率,以此评价化学键合胶凝材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.试验结果表明:半浸-烘循环的侵蚀比全浸-烘循环的侵蚀严重;在经受150次侵蚀循环后,试件外观无严重破损,质量不减反增,强度也不降低,说明化学键合胶凝材料具有优良的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.